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HelpTest Code CDU Cadmium, 24 Hour, Urine
Reporting Name
Cadmium, 24 Hr, UUseful For
Detecting exposure to cadmium, a toxic heavy metal, in 24-hour urine specimens
Performing Laboratory
Mayo Clinic Laboratories in Rochester
Specimen Type
UrineOrdering Guidance
If employees are being monitored in the workplace, Occupational Safety and Health Administration requires that laboratory reports express the cadmium excretion rate per gram of creatinine rather than per 24 hours. Order CDUOE / Cadmium, Occupational Exposure, Random, Urine to accommodate that requirement. Mayo Clinic Laboratories is certified to provide this test.
Necessary Information
24-Hour volume (in milliliters) is required.
Specimen Required
Patient Preparation:
High concentrations of gadolinium and iodine are known to potentially interfere with most inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-based metal tests. If either gadolinium or iodine containing contrast media has been administered, a specimen should not be collected for 96 hours.
Supplies: Urine Tubes, 10 mL (T068)
Collection Container/Tube: Clean, plastic urine container with no metal cap or glued insert
Submission Container/Tube: Plastic, 10-mL urine tube or clean, plastic aliquot container with no metal cap or glued insert
Specimen Volume: 3 mL
Collection Instructions:
1. Collect urine for 24 hours and record the total volume.
2. Refrigerate specimen within 4 hours of completion of 24-hour collection.
3. See Metals Analysis Specimen Collection and Transport for complete instructions.
Additional Information: See Urine Preservatives-Collection and Transportation for 24-Hour Urine Specimens for multiple collections.
Specimen Minimum Volume
1.5 mL
Specimen Stability Information
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time |
|---|---|---|
| Urine | Refrigerated (preferred) | 28 days |
| Ambient | 28 days | |
| Frozen | 28 days |
Special Instructions
Reference Values
0-17 years: Not established
≥18 years: <0.7 mcg/24 h
Day(s) Performed
Monday through Friday
Test Classification
This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.CPT Code Information
82300
LOINC Code Information
| Test ID | Test Order Name | Order LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| CDU | Cadmium, 24 Hr, U | 5612-7 |
| Result ID | Test Result Name | Result LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| 31106 | Cadmium, 24 Hr, U | 5612-7 |
| TIME7 | Collection Duration (h) | 13362-9 |
| VL83 | Volume (mL) | 3167-4 |
Clinical Information
Cadmium toxicity resembles that of the other heavy metals, including arsenic, mercury, and lead. The kidney is the primary organ affected Kidney dysfunction with proteinuria and slow onset (over a period of years) is the typical presentation. Measurable changes in proximal tubule function, such as decreased clearance of para-aminohippuric acid, also develop over several years and precede overt kidney failure.
Inhalation of cadmium vapor can cause nasal epithelial deterioration and pulmonary congestion resembling chronic emphysema.
For nonsmokers, food is the primary source of cadmium exposure. In general, leafy vegetables such as lettuce and spinach, potatoes, grains, peanuts, soybeans, and sunflower seeds contain high levels of cadmium. For smokers, tobacco smoke is the most common source of exposure is and has been implicated as the primary source of cadmium associated with reproductive toxicity in both men and women.
The concentration of cadmium in the kidneys and urine is elevated in some patients exposed to cadmium.
Method Description
The metal of interest is analyzed by triple-quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.(Unpublished Mayo method)
Reject Due To
All specimens will be evaluated at Mayo Clinic Laboratories for test suitability.Method Name
Triple-Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS)
Interpretation
Urine cadmium levels primarily reflect total body burden of cadmium. Cadmium excretion above 3.0 mcg/g creatinine indicates significant exposure to cadmium.
For occupational testing, Occupational Safety and Health Administration cadmium standard is less than 3.0 mcg/g creatinine, and the biological exposure index is 5.0 mcg/g creatinine.
Collection of urine over 24 hours minimizes fluctuations of observed cadmium concentrations in random urine samples.